There are stories of the forgotten founders of the religion, Alexander Bedward, Leonard Howell, Robert Hinds and Prince Emmanel Edwards and their battles with the British authorities; how Rasta became a movement of resistance in the s both in the Caribbean and amongst Britain's black community, and how even white people have taken up Rastafarianism - including a New Zealand Rasta MP and a Japanese Rasta in Tokyo.
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On this page Find out more Page options Print this page. Rastafarian history The history of Rastafari begins with the colonisation of Africa, or 'Ethiopia' as it is known to believers, by Europeans. Cashmore explains: All, in their own ways, added pieces to the jigsaw, and the whole picture came together in the mid s when a series of congregations of rastas appeared at various departure points on Jamaica's shores, awaiting ships bound for Africa.
Find out more Rastafari's origins in the slave trade Top. See also. When he came out and saw the crowd…the crowd saw him and rush to the plane and he could not come down the steps. I want him to come down. To a lesser extent, they also refer to the Holy Piby and other so-called sacred texts. Such a belief challenges Christianity which advocates a white image of God through the numerous paintings, drawings and statues depicting Jesus Christ with white skin, blond hair and blues eyes.
Besides this particular point, fervent Rastas follow rules of conduct stipulated in the Bible. Indeed, by not eating pork, Rastas get closer to Islam and accordingly Africa, distancing themselves from Christianity and therefore from the ones who introduced this religion to Jamaica, namely Westerners. By smoking ganja instead of drinking alcohol, they clearly rebel against Christian Eucharist. In addition, this practice clearly echoes their African cultural heritage.
Indeed, it is common knowledge that hallucinogenic plants such as iboga and voacanga have been used for centuries in traditional African rituals, in Gabon in Central Africa in particular. To sum up, African Emperor Haile Selassie I, natural food called Ital food in Dread talk, ganja and dreadlocks are strong religious symbols defying Christian beliefs. Photographie 2. A Rasta smoking ganja with a pipe called chalice in reference to the Holy Chalice in Christian tradition.
Indeed, Rastafarians, who proclaim their African identity, see the drum as a link with Africa and the sound it produces as its heartbeat. Like their African ancestors, they also use it as a means of communication between the living and the dead. As for chant, it enables them to melodiously praise Jah and to pay tribute to the Promised Land: Africa.
The second symbol is the Ethiopian flag with its three well-known colors: green representing the fertile lands of the country, yellow representing the wealth of Ethiopia and the red color being for the blood shed in the fight for freedom and in defense of the country.
These three colors are seen as strong Pan-African colors. Photographie 3. Like early Ethiopianists, Jamaican Rastafarians associate themselves with the Jews enslaved in Babylon during their first exile from Israel in the sixth century Before Christ. Thus, they preach the return to their homeland Ethiopia, but Babylon must collapse before expecting the eternal rest in Africa. Thus, the concepts of Africa and Babylon play a central role in Rastafarian ideology, the first one symbolizing the good, the second the evil.
Patois, which began as a pidgin, emerged in order to provide some level of cross-group communication. It appeared early in Jamaican history and phenomenally developed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries along with the phenomena of emigration and immigration. However, since the middle fifties, Jamaican Rastas have played an important role in institutionalizing Patois like ganja and dreadlocks.
In other words, it seems that Christians and Rastafarians mainly differ in their interpretation of the Bible which most of the time is read from a White perspective by the former and from a Black perspective by the latter.
Voir la notice dans le catalogue OpenEdition. Navigation — Plan du site. Sommaire - Document suivant. Hors dossier. Keywords : bible , ethiopianism , evangelization , Marcus Garvey , Leonard Howell , pan-africanism , rastafari.
Plan Introduction. Haile Selassie I : Jah. Introduction 1 Since the early sixteenth century, the history of Jamaica has been associated successively with slavery, Christian Evangelization, colonialism and neocolonialism, which gave rise to numerous revolutions, riots and various other forms of social unrest. The Roots of Rastafari 1. Over , African enslaved African people were forcibly brought to Jamaica from the Bight of Biafra, the region of present-day Ghana, and west Central Africa.
Beginning in the late 18th century, Jamaica saw the emergence of a variety of African and African-influenced religious traditions. Obeah is a form of herbal and spiritual technology primarily used to cure ailments.
Some researchers attribute the origins of Obeah to the Ashanti people of what is now Ghana and their practice of o bayifo. In Jamaica, these practices were a legendary component of slave resistance and revolt. A Jamaican Revivalist tradition called Pukumina—more structured than Obeah in belief and practice, with numerous churches and congregations—is practiced in most major U. For example, each of the various spirits venerated in Revivalism is said to prefer specific foods, colors, and music.
This apparatus stands at the center of the sacred space, whether it be in the backyard or in a special meeting hall. Drumming and dancing culminate in trances and contact between the practitioners and the spirits who bring about divine healing or divine inspiration.
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